Mapangidwe obiriwira omwe tawatchulawa amayang'ana makamaka pakupanga zinthu zakuthupi, ndipo zomwe zimatchedwa "3R" cholinga chake chimakhalanso pamlingo waukadaulo.Kuti tithetse mwadongosolo mavuto a chilengedwe omwe anthu amakumana nawo, tiyeneranso kuphunzira kuchokera ku ganizo lalikulu komanso lokhazikika, ndipo lingaliro la mapangidwe okhazikika linayamba kukhalapo.Mapangidwe okhazikika amapangidwa pamaziko a chitukuko chokhazikika.Lingaliro lachitukuko chokhazikika linaperekedwa koyamba ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature (UCN) mu 1980.
Komiti yotsirizirayi, yopangidwa ndi akuluakulu ndi asayansi ochokera m'mayiko ambiri, adachita kafukufuku wazaka zisanu (1983-1987) pa chitukuko cha dziko lonse ndi zochitika zachilengedwe, Mu 1987, adafalitsa chilengezo choyamba chapadziko lonse chotchedwa chitukuko chokhazikika cha anthu - Our Common Tsogolo.Lipotilo linanena kuti chitukuko chokhazikika ndi "chitukuko chomwe chimakwaniritsa zosowa za anthu amakono popanda kuwononga zosowa za mibadwo yamtsogolo".Lipoti la kafukufukuyu linayang'ana mbali ziwiri zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri za chilengedwe ndi chitukuko chonse.Chitukuko chokhazikika cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika yothandizira zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe, ndipo mavuto a chilengedwe amatha kuthetsedwa pokhapokha pakupanga chitukuko chokhazikika.Choncho, pokhapokha pogwira bwino mgwirizano pakati pa zofuna za nthawi yomweyo ndi zofuna za nthawi yaitali, zofuna za m'deralo ndi zofuna zonse, ndikudziŵa bwino mgwirizano pakati pa chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, vuto lalikululi likhoza kukhudza chuma cha dziko ndi moyo wa anthu komanso nthawi yayitali. chitukuko cha anthu chithetsedwe bwino.
Kusiyana pakati pa "chitukuko" ndi "kukula" ndikuti "kukula" kumatanthauza kukula kwa zochitika zamagulu, pamene "chitukuko" chimatanthawuza kugwirizana ndi kugwirizana kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za gulu lonse, komanso kusintha. za zotsatira zake zochita.Mosiyana ndi "kukula", mphamvu yoyendetsera chitukuko imakhala "kufunafuna nthawi zonse mgwirizano wapamwamba", ndipo chiyambi cha chitukuko chimatha kumveka ngati "mgwirizano wapamwamba", pamene chiyambi cha chisinthiko cha chisinthiko. chitukuko cha anthu ndikuti anthu nthawi zonse amafunafuna kulinganiza pakati pa "zosowa zaumunthu" ndi "kukwaniritsa zosowa".
Choncho, "mgwirizano" wa kulimbikitsa "chitukuko" ndi mgwirizano pakati pa "zosowa zaumunthu" ndi "kukwaniritsa zosowa", komanso ndiye gwero la chitukuko cha anthu.
Chitukuko chokhazikika chadziwika bwino, kupangitsa opanga kufunafuna malingaliro atsopano ndi zitsanzo kuti agwirizane ndi chitukuko chokhazikika.Lingaliro la mapangidwe ogwirizana ndi chitukuko chokhazikika ndi kupanga zinthu, mautumiki kapena machitidwe omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa zamasiku ano ndikuwonetsetsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha mibadwo yamtsogolo potengera kukhalirana pakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe.Pakafukufuku omwe alipo, mapangidwewa makamaka amakhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa moyo wosatha, kukhazikitsidwa kwa midzi yokhazikika, chitukuko cha mphamvu zokhazikika ndi zamakono zamakono.
Pulofesa Ezio manzini wa Institute of Design of Milan University of Technology akufotokoza kuti mapangidwe okhazikika ndi "mapangidwe okhazikika ndi ntchito yokonza mapulani kuti athe kulemba ndi kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera mavuto ... amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi ntchito."Tanthauzo la Pulofesa Manzini la kamangidwe kokhazikika ndilabwino, kokondera pakupanga kopanda chuma.Mapangidwe osakonda chuma amachokera pamalingaliro akuti gulu lachidziwitso ndi gulu lomwe limapereka chithandizo ndi zinthu zomwe si zakuthupi.Limagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "zopanda zinthu" pofotokoza momwe kamangidwe kake kamangidwe kamtsogolo, ndiko kuti, kuchokera pakupanga zinthu kupita kuzinthu zosafunikira, kuchokera ku kapangidwe kazinthu mpaka kapangidwe ka ntchito, kuchokera pakupanga zinthu kupita kuzinthu zogawana.Kusakonda chuma sikumamatira kumatekinoloje ena ndi zida, koma kukonzanso moyo wamunthu ndi momwe amadyera, kumamvetsetsa zogulitsa ndi ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba, kumadutsa gawo lakapangidwe kachikhalidwe, kumaphunzira ubale pakati pa "anthu ndi omwe si zinthu", ndikuyesetsa. kuonetsetsa moyo wabwino ndikukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa komanso kutulutsa zinthu.Inde, chitaganya cha anthu ngakhalenso malo achilengedwe amamangidwa pamaziko a zinthu zakuthupi.Zochita za moyo waumunthu, kupulumuka ndi chitukuko sizingalekanitsidwe ndi zofunikira zakuthupi.Chonyamulira cha chitukuko chokhazikika chimakhalanso chakuthupi, ndipo mapangidwe okhazikika sangasiyanitsidwe kwathunthu ndi zinthu zake.
Mwachidule, mapangidwe okhazikika ndi ntchito yokonza mapulani kuti alembe ndikukhazikitsa mayankho okhazikika.Pamafunika kuganizira mozama nkhani zachuma, zachilengedwe, zamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuwongolera ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za ogula poganiziranso kukonzanso, ndikusunga kukhutitsidwa kosalekeza kwa zosowa.Lingaliro la kukhazikika limaphatikizapo osati kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe ndi chuma, komanso kukhazikika kwa anthu ndi chikhalidwe.
Pambuyo pa mapangidwe okhazikika, lingaliro la mapangidwe a carbon low latuluka.Zomwe zimatchedwa low carbon design cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa anthu ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zowononga za greenhouse effect.Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka carbon akhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ndiyo kukonzanso moyo wa anthu, kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha chilengedwe cha anthu, ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mpweya wa carbon pokonzanso khalidwe la tsiku ndi tsiku popanda kuchepetsa moyo;china ndi kukwaniritsa kuchepetsa umuna kudzera mu kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zochepetsera mphamvu zowononga mpweya kapena kukulitsa mphamvu zatsopano ndi zina.Zinganenedweratu kuti mapangidwe a carbon otsika adzakhala mutu wofunikira pakupanga mafakitale amtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-29-2023